Source code for gpaw.occupations

"""Smearing functions and occupation number calculators."""

import warnings
from math import pi, nan, inf
from typing import List, Tuple, NamedTuple, Any, Callable, Dict, cast
import numpy as np
from scipy.special import erf
from ase.units import Ha

from gpaw.band_descriptor import BandDescriptor
from gpaw.mpi import serial_comm, broadcast_float
from gpaw.typing import Array1D, Array2D

# typehints:
MPICommunicator = Any


[docs]class ParallelLayout(NamedTuple): """Collection of parallel stuff.""" bd: BandDescriptor kpt_comm: MPICommunicator domain_comm: MPICommunicator
[docs]def fermi_dirac(eig: np.ndarray, fermi_level: float, width: float) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray]: """Fermi-Dirac distribution function. >>> f, _, _ = fermi_dirac(0.0, 0.0, 0.1) >>> f 0.5 """ x = (eig - fermi_level) / width x = np.clip(x, -100, 100) y = np.exp(x) z = y + 1.0 f = 1.0 / z dfde = (f - f**2) / width y *= x y /= z y -= np.log(z) e_entropy = y * width return f, dfde, e_entropy
[docs]def marzari_vanderbilt(eig: np.ndarray, fermi_level: float, width: float) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray]: """Marzari-Vanderbilt distribution (cold smearing). See: :doi:`10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.3296` """ x = (eig - fermi_level) / width expterm = np.exp(-(x + (1 / np.sqrt(2)))**2) f = expterm / np.sqrt(2 * np.pi) + 0.5 * (1 - erf(1. / np.sqrt(2) + x)) dfde = expterm * (2 + np.sqrt(2) * x) / np.sqrt(np.pi) / width s = expterm * (1 + np.sqrt(2) * x) / (2 * np.sqrt(np.pi)) e_entropy = -s * width return f, dfde, e_entropy
[docs]def methfessel_paxton(eig: np.ndarray, fermi_level: float, width: float, order: int = 0) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray]: """Methfessel-Paxton distribution.""" x = (eig - fermi_level) / width f = 0.5 * (1 - erf(x)) for i in range(order): f += (coff_function(i + 1) * hermite_poly(2 * i + 1, x) * np.exp(-x**2)) dfde = 1 / np.sqrt(pi) * np.exp(-x**2) for i in range(order): dfde += (coff_function(i + 1) * hermite_poly(2 * i + 2, x) * np.exp(-x**2)) dfde *= 1.0 / width e_entropy = (0.5 * coff_function(order) * hermite_poly(2 * order, x) * np.exp(-x**2)) e_entropy = -e_entropy * width return f, dfde, e_entropy
def coff_function(n): return (-1)**n / (np.prod(np.arange(1, n + 1)) * 4**n * np.sqrt(np.pi)) def hermite_poly(n, x): if n == 0: return 1 elif n == 1: return 2 * x else: return (2 * x * hermite_poly(n - 1, x) - 2 * (n - 1) * hermite_poly(n - 2, x))
[docs]class OccupationNumberCalculator: """Base class for all occupation number calculators.""" name = 'unknown' extrapolate_factor: float def __init__(self, parallel_layout: ParallelLayout = None): """Object for calculating fermi level(s) and occupation numbers. If fixmagmom=True then the fixed_magmom_value attribute must be set and two fermi levels will be calculated. """ if parallel_layout is None: parallel_layout = ParallelLayout(BandDescriptor(1), serial_comm, serial_comm) self.bd = parallel_layout.bd self.kpt_comm = parallel_layout.kpt_comm self.domain_comm = parallel_layout.domain_comm @property def parallel_layout(self) -> ParallelLayout: return ParallelLayout(self.bd, self.kpt_comm, self.domain_comm) def todict(self): return {'name': self.name} def copy(self, parallel_layout: ParallelLayout = None, bz2ibzmap: List[int] = None) -> 'OccupationNumberCalculator': return create_occ_calc( self.todict(), parallel_layout=parallel_layout or self.parallel_layout)
[docs] def calculate(self, nelectrons: float, eigenvalues: List[List[float]], weights: List[float], fermi_levels_guess: List[float] = None) -> Tuple[Array2D, List[float], float]: """Calculate occupation numbers and fermi level(s) from eigenvalues. nelectrons: Number of electrons. eigenvalues: ndarray, shape=(nibzkpts, nbands) Eigenvalues in Hartree. weights: ndarray, shape=(nibzkpts,) Weights of k-points in IBZ (must sum to 1). parallel: Parallel distribution of eigenvalues. fermi_level_guesses: Optional guess(es) at fermi level(s). Returns a tuple containing: * occupation numbers (in the range 0 to 1) * fermi-level in Hartree * entropy as -S*T in Hartree >>> occ = ZeroWidth() >>> occ.calculate(1, [[0, 1]], [1]) (array([[1., 0.]]), [0.5], 0.0) """ eig_qn = [np.asarray(eig_n) for eig_n in eigenvalues] weight_q = np.asarray(weights) if fermi_levels_guess is None: fermi_levels_guess = [nan] f_qn = np.empty((len(weight_q), len(eig_qn[0]))) result = np.empty(2) if self.domain_comm.rank == 0: # Let the master domain do the work and broadcast results: result[:] = self._calculate( nelectrons, eig_qn, weight_q, f_qn, fermi_levels_guess[0]) self.domain_comm.broadcast(result, 0) self.domain_comm.broadcast(f_qn, 0) fermi_level, e_entropy = result return f_qn, [fermi_level], e_entropy
def _calculate(self, nelectrons: float, eig_qn: List[Array1D], weight_q: Array1D, f_qn: Array2D, fermi_level_guess: float) -> Tuple[float, float]: raise NotImplementedError
class FixMagneticMomentOccupationNumberCalculator(OccupationNumberCalculator): """Base class for all occupation number objects.""" name = 'fixmagmom' def __init__(self, occ: OccupationNumberCalculator, magmom: float): """Object for calculating fermi level(s) and occupation numbers. If fixmagmom=True then the fixed_magmom_value attribute must be set and two fermi levels will be calculated. """ self.occ = occ self.fixed_magmom_value = magmom self.extrapolate_factor = occ.extrapolate_factor def __str__(self): return (f'Fixed magnetic moment: {self.fixed_magmom_value:.3f}\n' + str(self.occ)) def todict(self): dct = self.occ.todict() dct['fixmagmom'] = True return dct def calculate(self, nelectrons: float, eigenvalues: List[List[float]], weights: List[float], fermi_levels_guess: List[float] = None ) -> Tuple[Array2D, List[float], float]: magmom = self.fixed_magmom_value if fermi_levels_guess is None: fermi_levels_guess = [nan, nan] f1_qn, fermi_levels1, e_entropy1 = self.occ.calculate( (nelectrons + magmom) / 2, eigenvalues[::2], weights[::2], fermi_levels_guess[:1]) f2_qn, fermi_levels2, e_entropy2 = self.occ.calculate( (nelectrons - magmom) / 2, eigenvalues[1::2], weights[1::2], fermi_levels_guess[1:]) f_qn = [] for f1_n, f2_n in zip(f1_qn, f2_qn): f_qn += [f1_n, f2_n] return (np.array(f_qn), fermi_levels1 + fermi_levels2, e_entropy1 + e_entropy2) class SmoothDistribution(OccupationNumberCalculator): """Base class for Fermi-Dirac and other smooth distributions.""" def __init__(self, width: float, parallel_layout: ParallelLayout = None): """Smooth distribution. width: float Width of distribution in eV. fixmagmom: bool Fix spin moment calculations. A separate Fermi level for spin up and down electrons is found. """ self._width = width OccupationNumberCalculator.__init__(self, parallel_layout) def todict(self): return {'name': self.name, 'width': self._width} def _calculate(self, nelectrons, eig_qn, weight_q, f_qn, fermi_level_guess): # Guess can be nan or inf: if not np.isfinite(fermi_level_guess) or self._width == 0.0: zero = ZeroWidth(self.parallel_layout) fermi_level_guess, _ = zero._calculate( nelectrons, eig_qn, weight_q, f_qn) if self._width == 0.0 or np.isinf(fermi_level_guess): return fermi_level_guess, 0.0 x = fermi_level_guess data = np.empty(3) def func(x, data=data): data[:] = 0.0 for eig_n, weight, f_n in zip(eig_qn, weight_q, f_qn): f_n[:], dfde_n, e_entropy_n = self.distribution(eig_n, x) data += [weight * x_n.sum() for x_n in [f_n, dfde_n, e_entropy_n]] self.bd.comm.sum(data) self.kpt_comm.sum(data) f, dfde = data[:2] df = f - nelectrons return df, dfde fermi_level, niter = findroot(func, x) e_entropy = data[2] return fermi_level, e_entropy class FermiDiracCalculator(SmoothDistribution): name = 'fermi-dirac' extrapolate_factor = -0.5 def distribution(self, eig_n: np.ndarray, fermi_level: float) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray]: return fermi_dirac(eig_n, fermi_level, self._width) def __str__(self): return f'Fermi-Dirac:\n width: {self._width:.4f} # eV\n' class MarzariVanderbiltCalculator(SmoothDistribution): name = 'marzari-vanderbilt' # According to Nicola Marzari, one should not extrapolate M-V energies # https://lists.quantum-espresso.org/pipermail/users/2005-October/003170.html extrapolate_factor = 0.0 def distribution(self, eig_n, fermi_level): return marzari_vanderbilt(eig_n, fermi_level, self._width) def __str__(self): return f'Marzari-Vanderbilt:\n width: {self._width:.4f} # eV\n' class MethfesselPaxtonCalculator(SmoothDistribution): name = 'methfessel_paxton' def __init__(self, width, order=0, parallel_layout: ParallelLayout = None): SmoothDistribution.__init__(self, width, parallel_layout) self.order = order self.extrapolate_factor = -1.0 / (self.order + 2) def todict(self): dct = SmoothDistribution.todict(self) dct['order'] = self.order return dct def __str__(self): return ('Methfessel-Paxton:\n' f' width: {self._width:.4f} # eV\n' f' order: {self.order}\n') def distribution(self, eig_n, fermi_level): return methfessel_paxton(eig_n, fermi_level, self._width, self.order) def findroot(func: Callable[[float], Tuple[float, float]], x: float, tol: float = 1e-10) -> Tuple[float, int]: """Function used for locating Fermi level. The function should return a (value, derivative) tuple: >>> x, _ = findroot(lambda x: (x, 1.0), 1.0) >>> assert abs(x) < 1e-10 """ assert np.isfinite(x), x xmin = -np.inf xmax = np.inf # Try 10 step using the gradient: niter = 0 while True: f, dfdx = func(x) if abs(f) < tol: return x, niter if f < 0.0 and x > xmin: xmin = x elif f > 0.0 and x < xmax: xmax = x dx = -f / max(dfdx, 1e-18) if niter == 10 or abs(dx) > 0.3 or not (xmin < x + dx < xmax): break # try bisection x += dx niter += 1 # Bracket the solution: if not np.isfinite(xmin): xmin = x fmin = f step = 0.01 while fmin > tol: xmin -= step fmin = func(xmin)[0] step *= 2 if not np.isfinite(xmax): xmax = x fmax = f step = 0.01 while fmax < 0: xmax += step fmax = func(xmax)[0] step *= 2 # Bisect: while True: x = (xmin + xmax) / 2 f = func(x)[0] if abs(f) < tol: return x, niter if f > 0: xmax = x else: xmin = x niter += 1 assert niter < 1000 def collect_eigelvalues(eig_qn: np.ndarray, weight_q: np.ndarray, bd: BandDescriptor, kpt_comm: MPICommunicator) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray]: """Collect eigenvalues from bd.comm and kpt_comm.""" nkpts_r = np.zeros(kpt_comm.size, int) nkpts_r[kpt_comm.rank] = len(weight_q) kpt_comm.sum(nkpts_r) nk = cast(int, nkpts_r.sum()) weight_k = np.zeros(nk) k1 = nkpts_r[:kpt_comm.rank].sum() k2 = k1 + len(weight_q) weight_k[k1:k2] = weight_q kpt_comm.sum(weight_k, 0) eig_kn: Array2D = np.zeros((0, 0)) k = 0 for rank, nkpts in enumerate(nkpts_r): for q in range(nkpts): if rank == kpt_comm.rank: eig_n = eig_qn[q] eig_n = bd.collect(eig_n) if bd.comm.rank == 0: if kpt_comm.rank == 0: if k == 0: eig_kn = np.empty((nk, len(eig_n))) if rank == 0: eig_kn[k] = eig_n else: kpt_comm.receive(eig_kn[k], rank) elif rank == kpt_comm.rank: kpt_comm.send(eig_n, 0) k += 1 return eig_kn, weight_k, nkpts_r def distribute_occupation_numbers(f_kn: np.ndarray, # input f_qn: np.ndarray, # output nkpts_r: np.ndarray, bd: BandDescriptor, kpt_comm: MPICommunicator) -> None: """Distribute occupation numbers over bd.comm and kpt_comm.""" k = 0 for rank, nkpts in enumerate(nkpts_r): for q in range(nkpts): if kpt_comm.rank == 0: if rank == 0: if bd.comm.size == 1: f_qn[q] = f_kn[k] else: bd.distribute(None if f_kn is None else f_kn[k], f_qn[q]) elif f_kn is not None: kpt_comm.send(f_kn[k], rank) elif rank == kpt_comm.rank: if bd.comm.size == 1: kpt_comm.receive(f_qn[q], 0) else: if bd.comm.rank == 0: f_n = bd.empty(global_array=True) kpt_comm.receive(f_n, 0) else: f_n = None bd.distribute(f_n, f_qn[q]) k += 1 class ZeroWidth(OccupationNumberCalculator): name = 'zero-width' extrapolate_factor = 0.0 def todict(self): return {'width': 0.0} def __str__(self): return '# Zero width' def distribution(self, eig_n, fermi_level): f_n = np.zeros_like(eig_n) f_n[eig_n < fermi_level] = 1.0 f_n[eig_n == fermi_level] = 0.5 return f_n, np.zeros_like(eig_n), np.zeros_like(eig_n) def _calculate(self, nelectrons, eig_qn, weight_q, f_qn, fermi_level_guess=nan): eig_kn, weight_k, nkpts_r = collect_eigelvalues(eig_qn, weight_q, self.bd, self.kpt_comm) if eig_kn.size != 0: # Try to use integer weights (avoid round-off errors): N = int(round(1 / min(weight_k))) w_k = (weight_k * N).round().astype(int) if abs(w_k - N * weight_k).max() > 1e-10: # Did not work. Use original fractional weights: w_k = weight_k N = 1 f_kn = np.zeros_like(eig_kn) f_m = f_kn.ravel() w_kn = np.empty_like(eig_kn, dtype=w_k.dtype) w_kn[:] = w_k[:, np.newaxis] eig_m = eig_kn.ravel() w_m = w_kn.ravel() m_i = eig_m.argsort() w_i = w_m[m_i] sum_i = np.add.accumulate(w_i) filled_i = (sum_i <= nelectrons * N) i = sum(filled_i) f_m[m_i[:i]] = 1.0 if i == len(m_i): fermi_level = inf else: extra = nelectrons * N - (sum_i[i - 1] if i > 0 else 0.0) if extra > 0: assert extra <= w_i[i] f_m[m_i[i]] = extra / w_i[i] fermi_level = eig_m[m_i[i]] else: fermi_level = (eig_m[m_i[i]] + eig_m[m_i[i - 1]]) / 2 else: f_kn = None fermi_level = nan distribute_occupation_numbers(f_kn, f_qn, nkpts_r, self.bd, self.kpt_comm) if self.kpt_comm.rank == 0: fermi_level = broadcast_float(fermi_level, self.bd.comm) fermi_level = broadcast_float(fermi_level, self.kpt_comm) e_entropy = 0.0 return fermi_level, e_entropy
[docs]class FixedOccupationNumbers(OccupationNumberCalculator): extrapolate_factor = 0.0 def __init__(self, numbers, parallel_layout: ParallelLayout = None): """Fixed occupation numbers. f_sn: ndarray, shape=(nspins, nbands) Occupation numbers (in the range from 0 to 1) Example (excited state with 4 electrons):: occ = FixedOccupationNumbers([[1, 0, 1, 0], [1, 1, 0, 0]]) """ OccupationNumberCalculator.__init__(self, parallel_layout) self.f_sn = np.array(numbers) def _calculate(self, nelectrons, eig_qn, weight_q, f_qn, fermi_level_guess=nan): calc_fixed(self.bd, self.f_sn, f_qn) return inf, 0.0 def todict(self): return {'name': 'fixed', 'numbers': self.f_sn}
class FixedOccupationNumbersUniform(OccupationNumberCalculator): extrapolate_factor = 0.0 name = 'fixed-uniform' def __init__(self, nelectrons, nspins, magmom, nkpts, nbands, parallel_layout: ParallelLayout = None): """ Uniform distribution of occupation numbers: each k-point per spin has the same number of occupied states Magnetic moment defines difference between two spins occ. numb. """ OccupationNumberCalculator.__init__(self, parallel_layout) def get_f(nelectrons, magmom, nkpts, nbands, spin): """ :param nelectrons: :param magmom: :param nkpts: :param nbands: :param spin: +1 or -1 :return: occupation numbers per spin channel """ f_qn = np.zeros(shape=(nkpts, nbands)) nelecps = (nelectrons + spin * magmom) / 2 assert int(nelecps) < nbands, 'need more bands!' f_qn[:, : int(nelecps)] = 1.0 f_qn[:, int(nelecps)] = nelecps - int(nelecps) return f_qn if nspins == 2: f1_qn = get_f(nelectrons, magmom, nkpts, nbands, 1) f2_qn = get_f(nelectrons, magmom, nkpts, nbands, -1) f_qn = [] for f1_n, f2_n in zip(f1_qn, f2_qn): f_qn += [f1_n, f2_n] else: f_qn = get_f(nelectrons, magmom, nkpts, nbands, 0) self.f_sn = np.array(f_qn) self.nspins = nspins self.magmom = magmom def _calculate(self, nelectrons, eig_qn, weight_q, f_qn, fermi_level_guess=nan): calc_fixed(self.bd, self.f_sn, f_qn) eig_kn, weight_k, nkpts_r = collect_eigelvalues( eig_qn, weight_q, self.bd, self.kpt_comm) def get_homo(eig_kn, nelectrons, deg, magmom, spin): nelecps = int((nelectrons * deg + spin * magmom) / 2) return np.max(eig_kn[:, np.maximum(nelecps - 1, 0)]) def get_lumo(eig_kn, nelectrons, deg, magmom, spin): nelecps = int((nelectrons * deg + spin * magmom) / 2) return np.min(eig_kn[:, nelecps]) deg = 3 - self.nspins mm = self.magmom if eig_kn.size != 0: if self.nspins == 2: hup = get_homo(eig_kn[::2], nelectrons, deg, mm, 1) hdown = get_homo(eig_kn[1::2], nelectrons, deg, mm, -1) homo = np.maximum(hup, hdown) lup = get_lumo(eig_kn[::2], nelectrons, deg, mm, 1) ldown = get_lumo(eig_kn[1::2], nelectrons, deg, mm, -1) lumo = np.maximum(lup, ldown) else: homo = get_homo(eig_kn, nelectrons, deg, mm, 0) lumo = get_lumo(eig_kn, nelectrons, deg, mm, 0) fermi_level = (homo + lumo) / 2 else: fermi_level = nan if self.kpt_comm.rank == 0: fermi_level = broadcast_float(fermi_level, self.bd.comm) fermi_level = broadcast_float(fermi_level, self.kpt_comm) return fermi_level, 0.0 def todict(self): return {'name': 'fixed-uniform'} def __str__(self): return '# Uniform distribution of occupation numbers' def calc_fixed(bd, f_sn, f_qn): if bd.nbands == f_sn.shape[1]: for q, f_n in enumerate(f_qn): s = q % len(f_sn) bd.distribute(f_sn[s], f_n) else: # Non-collinear calculation: bd.distribute(f_sn.T.flatten().copy(), f_qn[0]) def FixedOccupations(f_sn): warnings.warn( "Please use occupations={'name': 'fixed', 'numbers': ...} instead.") if len(f_sn) == 1: f_sn = np.array(f_sn) / 2 return {'name': 'fixed', 'numbers': f_sn} class ThomasFermiOccupations(OccupationNumberCalculator): name = 'orbital-free' extrapolate_factor = 0.0 def _calculate(self, nelectrons, eig_qn, weight_q, f_qn, fermi_level_guess=nan): assert len(f_qn) == 1 f_qn[0][:] = [nelectrons] return inf, 0.0
[docs]def create_occ_calc(dct: Dict[str, Any], *, parallel_layout: ParallelLayout = None, fixed_magmom_value=None, rcell=None, monkhorst_pack_size=None, bz2ibzmap=None, nspins=None, nelectrons=None, nkpts=None, nbands=None ) -> OccupationNumberCalculator: """Surprise: Create occupation-number object. The unit of width is eV and name must be one of: * 'fermi-dirac' * 'marzari-vanderbilt' * 'methfessel-paxton' * 'fixed' * 'tetrahedron-method' * 'improved-tetrahedron-method' * 'orbital-free' >>> occ = create_occ_calc({'width': 0.0}) >>> occ.calculate(nelectrons=3, ... eigenvalues=[[0, 1, 2], [0, 2, 3]], ... weights=[1, 1]) (array([[1., 1., 0.], [1., 0., 0.]]), [1.5], 0.0) """ kwargs = dct.copy() fix_the_magnetic_moment = kwargs.pop('fixmagmom', False) name = kwargs.pop('name', '') kwargs['parallel_layout'] = parallel_layout if name == 'unknown': return OccupationNumberCalculator(**kwargs) occ: OccupationNumberCalculator if kwargs.get('width') == 0.0: del kwargs['width'] occ = ZeroWidth(**kwargs) elif name == 'methfessel-paxton': occ = MethfesselPaxtonCalculator(**kwargs) elif name == 'fermi-dirac': occ = FermiDiracCalculator(**kwargs) elif name == 'marzari-vanderbilt': occ = MarzariVanderbiltCalculator(**kwargs) elif name in {'tetrahedron-method', 'improved-tetrahedron-method'}: from gpaw.tetrahedron import TetrahedronMethod occ = TetrahedronMethod(rcell, monkhorst_pack_size, name == 'improved-tetrahedron-method', bz2ibzmap, **kwargs) elif name == 'orbital-free': return ThomasFermiOccupations(**kwargs) elif name == 'fixed': return FixedOccupationNumbers(**kwargs) elif name == 'fixed-uniform': return FixedOccupationNumbersUniform( nelectrons, nspins, fixed_magmom_value, nkpts, nbands, **kwargs) else: raise ValueError(f'Unknown occupation number object name: {name}') if fix_the_magnetic_moment: occ = FixMagneticMomentOccupationNumberCalculator( occ, fixed_magmom_value) return occ
[docs]def occupation_numbers(occ, eig_skn, weight_k, nelectrons): """Calculate occupation numbers from eigenvalues in eV (**deprecated**). occ: dict Example: {'name': 'fermi-dirac', 'width': 0.05} (width in eV). eps_skn: ndarray, shape=(nspins, nibzkpts, nbands) Eigenvalues. weight_k: ndarray, shape=(nibzkpts,) Weights of k-points in IBZ (must sum to 1). nelectrons: int or float Number of electrons. Returns a tuple containing: * f_skn (sums to nelectrons) * fermi-level [Hartree] * magnetic moment * entropy as -S*T [Hartree] """ warnings.warn('Please use one of the OccupationNumbers implementations', DeprecationWarning) occ = create_occ_calc(occ) f_kn, (fermi_level,), e_entropy = occ.calculate( nelectrons * len(eig_skn) / 2, [eig_n for eig_kn in eig_skn for eig_n in eig_kn], list(weight_k) * len(eig_skn)) f_kn *= np.array(weight_k)[:, np.newaxis] if len(eig_skn) == 1: f_skn = np.array([f_kn]) * 2 e_entropy *= 2 magmom = 0.0 else: f_skn = np.array([f_kn[::2], f_kn[1::2]]) f1, f2 = f_skn.sum(axis=(1, 2)) magmom = f1 - f2 return f_skn, fermi_level * Ha, magmom, e_entropy * Ha
def FermiDirac(width, fixmagmom=False): return dict(name='fermi-dirac', width=width, fixmagmom=fixmagmom) def MarzariVanderbilt(width, fixmagmom=False): return dict(name='marzari-vanderbilt', width=width, fixmagmom=fixmagmom) def MethfesselPaxton(width, order=0, fixmagmom=False): return dict(name='methfessel-paxton', width=width, order=order, fixmagmom=fixmagmom)